Benchmarks

We benchmarked a multi-classification model across different zkML projects:

Project	Latency	Notes
zkml-jolt	~0.7s
mina-zkml	~2.0s
ezkl	4–5s
deep-prove	N/A	doesn't support gather op
zk-torch	N/A	doesn't support reduceSum op

We also benchmarked an MLP model:

Project	Latency	Notes
zkml-jolt	~800ms
deep-prove	~200ms	lacks MCC

Running benchmarks

# enter zkml-jolt-core
cd zkml-jolt-core

# multi-class benchmark
cargo run -r -- profile --name multi-class --format chrome

# sentiment benchmark
cargo run -r -- profile --name sentiment --format chrome

# mlp benchmark
cargo run -r -- profile --name mlp --format chrome

When using --format chrome, the benchmark generates trace files (trace-.json) viewable in Chrome's tracing tool:

1. Open Chrome and go to chrome://tracing.

2. Load the generated trace file to visualize performance.

Alternatively, use --format default to view performance times directly in the terminal.

Both models (preprocessing, proving, and verifying) take ~600ms–800ms.